What kind of justice system

The court may, however, sit in plenary session to determine cases of exceptional importance and cases where there are reasons for reconsideration or overruling of its own precedents. The quorum for the full Court is not less than half of the total number of justices in the Supreme Court. As a result of the Constitution, Section paragraph four,. In trial, a member of the House of Representative or a senator is unable to claim the immunity provided in the constitution.

The judgment becomes final except when new evidence emerges. In such case, the appeal shall be filed with the plenary session of the Supreme Court. The quorum of this special division of the Court consists of nine justices of the Supreme Court who hold position of not lower than justices of the Supreme Court or senior justices of the Supreme court, and are elected by a plenary session of the Supreme Court justices on a case by case basis.

A judgment will be made by a majority of votes; provided that each justice constituting the quorum will prepare the written opinion and make oral statement to the meeting before making decision. Court of Justice Thailand. Judical System. The Court of Justice System. In Bangkok Metropolis Civil Courts Under Thai Law, the plaintiff must bring a civil case to the court where the cause of action arises or where the defendant is domiciled.

Criminal Courts As regards criminal cases, the court in a district where an offence has been committed, alleged or believed to have been committed, or where an accused resides or is arrested, or where an inquiry official conducts an inquiry, has jurisdiction over the cases. Specialized Courts There are four specialized courts in Thailand, i.

As a result of the Constitution, Section paragraph four, the Criminal Division for Persons Holding Political Positions was set up in the Supreme Court to act as a trial court in a case where the Prime Minister, a minister, member of the House of Representatives, senator orother political official is accused of becoming unusually wealthy, committing malfeasance in office according to the Criminal Code, performing duties dishonestly, or being corrupted according to other laws.

He is a judge, and it is contrary to obvious principle that any part of administration should be entrusted to a judge; it is of very grave moment that the administration of justice should be kept clear of any sinister temptations. Yet the Lord Chancellor, our chief judge, sits in the Cabinet, and makes party speeches in the Lords. Such concerns continued to be raised during the 20th Century. Although since the s the Lord Chancellor sat as a judge less frequently, he continued to appoint judges.

Moreover, the administrative responsibilities of the office for the court system increased significantly as a result of the reforms introduced by the Courts Act which transferred responsibility for many courts from cities and local authorities to central government and the Lord Chancellor. The concerns were finally addressed in when the government proposed the abolition of the office of Lord Chancellor. The result of this clearer appreciation of the principles of the separation of powers in relation to judicial functions was, however, not abolition of the office but reform.

The Lord Chancellor is now a Secretary of State and, like other Cabinet ministers, also a member of the legislature. One essential purpose of this was to guarantee the continued independence of the judiciary. The Act did more than simply reform the office of Lord Chancellor. It made reference to two of the fundamental principles of our constitution, the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary. Common understandings had grown up over the centuries about what these entailed, but in the light of the other changes made it was considered important for the Act to refer to them and thus to give them statutory force.

Details of the key changes brought in by the Act include:. The changes to the constitutional position since have also had important practical consequences. These relate to the day-to-day leadership of the judiciary, the way judges are appointed and the way in which complaints are dealt with.

These changes have helped to clarify the independence of the judiciary and are designed to enhance accountability, public confidence and the effectiveness of the work of the judiciary.

Usually, a judge and jury are both present. In some states, the case then goes to a special appellate court; in others it goes to the highest state court, often known as the state supreme court.

Figure 2. This county courthouse in Kansas left is a typical setting for a state trial court. Compare this to the courtroom of the Michigan Supreme Court right.

The corrections system , more commonly known as the prison system, is charged with supervising individuals who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for a criminal offense. At the end of , approximately seven million U. In , more than 1 in U.

Figure 3. May 2, May 1, Prison is different from jail. A jail provides temporary confinement, usually while an individual awaits trial or parole. Prisons are facilities built for individuals serving sentences of more than a year, whereas jails are small and local, prisons are large and run by either the state or the federal government. Increasingly jails operate more like larger prisons, as institutions like Los Angeles County Jail have nearly 20, inmates 63 percent of which are non-violent offenders in seven facilities over 4, square miles.

Rikers Island in New York City, which sits on a acre complex with ten different facilities including a juvenile facility , house nearly 14, inmates [2]. Parole refers to a temporary release from prison or jail that requires supervision and the consent of officials.

Parole is different from probation, which is supervised time used as an alternative to prison. How to request access to documents held by the department's business units. History and legislation behind the recognition and protection of native title in Victoria. Adoption permanently transfers the parental rights and responsibilities of natural parents over to adoptive parents. The department and its agencies deliver services across all areas of the justice system. We focus on giving Victorians access to fair outcomes and protecting their rights, while also ensuring the rule of law.

You can find information on this website about how the justice system works as well as links to other key agencies. Licences and certificates Births, deaths and marriages External link Births, deaths and marriages External link Certificates and registries for births, deaths and relationships, and family history resources Working with children External link Working with children External link Checks for people in paid or voluntary child-related work Business licensing Business licensing Licensing, registration and regulation of businesses and industries in Victoria.

Equal opportunity and human rights External link Equal opportunity and human rights External link Equal opportunity, sexual harassment, racial and religious vilification, and related dispute resolution Aboriginal Justice Agreement External link Aboriginal Justice Agreement External link The Aboriginal Justice Agreement is a partnership between the Victorian Aboriginal community and the Victorian Government.

In its fourth phase - Burra Lotjpa Dunguludja - was launched Freedom of information Freedom of information How to request access to documents held by the department's business units Native title Native title History and legislation behind the recognition and protection of native title in Victoria Adoption Adoption Adoption permanently transfers the parental rights and responsibilities of natural parents over to adoptive parents Top tasks Visit the Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement website External link Get advice on topics affecting people with a disability External link Find information about ending a residential lease or tenancy External link Making and handling protected disclosures.

Home Justice system Justice system. The Victorian justice system includes a wide range of activities, including: policy making and law reform policing courts and tribunals dispute resolution penalties and fines prisons. You may come into contact with the justice system in many ways: as a volunteer acting as a witness attending court supporting friends and family participating in shaping legislation.